7. Norway National Library ROI Study
- 1st national study
- Challenge - how to value services which are not exchanged for money
- Resulted in $4 benefit for every $1 invested, similar to US studies
- Demonstrated both direct and indirect valuation
40% value of direct use by self or family
20% value of future anticipated direct use
40% indirect value for community - Property rights
94% deserved access to library
60% actually used library